What is active and passive voice and examples in hindi

 What is active and passive voice and examples? In hindi

What is voice and its type

What is voice and it's types?

यह verbs का एक रूप हैं जिसमें यह पता लगता है कि किया गया काम subject ने किया है या subject पर कोई काम किया गया है।
There are two types of voice
1. Active voice
2. Passive voice

1. What is Active voice – verb का वह रूप जिसमें कर्ता (subject) कर्म (object) पर कोई क्रिया (action) करता है Active voice कहलाता है।

Active Voice (कृर्तवाच्य)-
इसमें Subject (कर्ता) को विशेष महत्व दिया जाता है और Verb को उसी के अनुसार रखा जाता है।
Subject + Verb + Object
What is active voice examples :- Mohini sang a song.

2.What is Passive voice – verb का वह रूप जिसमें कर्ता subject न होकर कोई ओर doer है तथा कर्ता को काम में लिया गया है।

Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य) -
इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में दो बातों पर जोर दिया जाता है-
1. कार्य (action) पर तथा
2. कर्म (Object): जिस पर कार्य का प्रभाव पड़ता है या जिससे कार्य का सम्बन्ध जुड़ता है। इन्हें निम्नलिखित उदाहरणों द्वारा समझा जा सकता है-

What is passive voice examples :-

A song was sung by Mohini.
Hari writes a letter. (Active Voice)
A letter is written by Hari.  (Passive Voice)
-विभिन्न वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलने के नियम भी अलग-अलग होते है। इन नियमों की जानकारी प्राप्त करने से पहले Passive Voice की कुछ प्रमुख बातों को जानना जरूरी है; जैसे -
1. Object को Subject के स्थान पर रखते है।
2. Verb के Tense और Object के Number तथा Person के अनुसार Verb ‘to be’ का form (is, are, am, was, were आदि) रखा जाता है।
3. Active Voice के Verb को Passive Voice में Past Participle Form (V3) में रखा जाता है।
4. केवल Transitive Verbs का ही Passive Voice बनाया जा सकता है, क्योंकि इनके Objects दिए रहते है। Intransitive Verbs के Objects नहे होने के कारण इन्हें Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता।

Change of Assertive Sentences to Passive Voice

नियम - 1
1. Active Voice के sentence के object को Passive Voice के sentence में subject के स्थान पर रखा जाता है तथा Active Voice के subject को Passive Voice के Sentence में ‘by’ के साथ लिखा जाता है। (इसे Passive Voice के Sentence में agent कहा जाता है = by + agent)
OR
Active से Passive Voice बनाते समय Object को Subject तथा Subject को Object के स्थान पर रख देते है। Subject को Object के स्थान पर रखने से पूर्व by या अन्य आवश्यक Preposition अवश्य लगाते है।
2. यदि Active Voice के Subjct व Object दोनो ही Pronouns है तो वे आपस में इस प्रकार बदलते है-

Subject	Object
He	him
She	her
They	them
you	you
it	it
I	me
we	us

नियम 2
Passive Voice बनाते समय मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) का Past Participle Form (Third Form) प्रयोग किया जाता है।

नियम 3
Main Verb के Past Participle Form से पूर्व Active Voice के Tense व Object के Number तथा Person के अनुसार Verb ‘to be’ (is, are, am, was, were, be, being, been आदि) का प्रयोग आवश्यक रूप से किया जाता है।

Verb ‘to be’ के Passive Voice में सही रूप

Ac.      Active Voice के Tense की क्रिया	Passive Voice में Verb ‘to be’
V1या V1 (s/es), do, does	is/am/are + V3
V2 did	was/were + V3
does not/do not	is/am/are + not+ V3
did not	was/were + not + V3
is/am/are + V1 (ing)	is/are/am + being+V3
was/were +V1 (ing)	was/were + being + V3
has/have + V3	had + been + V3
had + V3	had + been + V3
will have/shall have + V3	will have/shall have + been + V3
will/ shallcan/couldmay/mightwould/shouldmust	will/shall + be + V3 can/could + be + V3 may/might + be + V3 would/should+be+V3 must + be + V3

 नियम 1
Simple Present Tense में Passive Voice बनाते समय is, am, are के बाद Main Verb का Third Form रखते है। जैसे-

1. Active : we worship various gods in India.
Passive: Various gods are worshipped in India.

2. Active : We do not hold our people together by coercion.
Passive: People are not held together by coercion.

3. Active :  People eat wheat in most parts of our country.
Passive: Wheat is eaten in most parts of our country.

नियम 2-
Simple Past Tense में was या were के बाद Main verb का third form रखते है। जैसे-

1. Active :  They built bridges over the Rajasthan canal.
Passive: Bridges were built over the Rajasthan Canal.

नियम 3
Simple Future Tenseमें will be या shall be के बाद Main Verb का Third Form रखते है। जैसे-

1. Active :  They will build bridges over the Rajasthan canal.
Passive: Bridges will be built over the Rajasthan Canal.

नियम 4
Present Continuous Tense में is, are, am के बाद being + Main Verb का Third Form रखते है। जैसे-

1. Active :  They are building bridges over the Rajasthan Canal.
Passive: Bridges are being built over the Rajasthan Canal.

नियम 5
Past Continuous Tense में was या were के बाद being + main Verb का Third Form रखते है। जैसे-

1. Active :  They were building bridges over the Rajasthan canal.
Passive: Bridges were being built over the Rajasthan canal.

नियम 6
Present Perfect Tenseमें has been या have been के बाद main verb का Third Form रखते है। जैसे-

1. Active :  They have built bridges over the Rajasthan canal.
Passive: Bridges had been built over the Rajasthan canal.

नियम 7
Past Perfect Tense में had been लगाकर main verb का Third form रखते है। जैसे-
1. Active :  They had built bridges over the Rajasthan canal.
Passive: Bridges had been built over the Rajasthan canal.

नियम 8
Future Perfect Tenseमें will have been या shall have been के बाद main verb का Third form रखते है। जैसे-
1. Active :  They will have completed this work by January 2007.
Passive: This work will have been completed by January 2007.

Note:-निम्नलिखित Tenses के वाक्यों का Passive Voice में परिवर्तन नहीं होता है-
1.  Future Continuous
2. Present Perfect Continuous
3. Past Perfect Continuous
4. Future Perfect Continuous

Verbs Having Double Object

- कुछ क्रियाओं (Verbs) के दो Object होते है-
(i) Direct या निर्जीव Object 
(ii) Indirect या सजीव Object.
Passive Voice में इनमें से किसी एक को Subject बनाया जा सकता है, परन्तु सुविधा की दृष्टि से अधिकतर Indirect Object को Subject बनाया जाता है। जैसे-
Active :  Somebody gave me a pen.
Passive: (i) I was given a pen.
(ii) A pen was given to me.

Active :  Everybody offered him bouquets.
Passive: (i) He was offered bouquets.
(ii) Bouquets were offered to him.

Note:- जब Active Voice में object इस प्रकार हो कि बाद वाला Object पहले वाले Object का Complement हो, तो पहले वाले Object को Passive Voice में Subject बना देते है। जैसे-
Active : We made him captain.
Passive: He was made captain by us.

Active :  The boys called him hero.
Passive: He was called hero by the boys.

Active :  The garment business has made him rich.
Passive: He has been made rich through the garment business.

Active :  It’s high time we asked him to leave the room.
Passive: It’s high time he was asked to leave the room.

नियम. 9
कुछ Intransitive Verbs (अकर्मक क्रियाएं) किसी Preposition के साथ मिलकर Transitive Verbs (सकर्मक क्रियाएँ) का कार्य करती है। ऐसी स्थिति में Passive Voice में Preposition अपने Verb के साथ रहती है। जैसे-
Active :  Ram laughed at me.
Passive: I was laughed at by Ram.

Active :  My sister looks after your brother.
Passive: Your brother is looked after by my sister.

Passive Infinitives

नियम 10
Active Voice के कुछ sentences में can/may/could/ might/ should/ would/ must आदि के बाद Infinitive Verb का प्रयोग होता है। ऐसे sentences को passive voice में बदलते समय can/may/could/ might/ should/ would आदि के बाद be रखा जाता है, तत्पश्चात् verb का Past Participle रूप लिखा जाता है। जैसे-

Active : Sarita will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Sarita.

Active :  Your team can win the match.
Passive: The Match can be won by your team.

Active :  Our friends may help us.
Passive: We may be helped by our friends.

Active :  Students must respect their teachers.
Passive: Teachers must be respected by their students.

Active :  Ram ought to help his sister.
Passive: Ram’s sister ought to be helped by him (Ram).

नियम 11
Active Voice के जिन वाक्यों में Modal Auxiliary के बाद have + past participle दिया हुआ होता है, उनको Passive Voice में बदलते समय have के बाद been का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे-

Active :  Ratnesh will have cancelled this trip.
Passive: This trip will have been cancelled by Ratnesh.

Active :  Mr Sharma could send a reply.
Passive: A reply could have been sent by Mr. Sharma.

Active :  Ram might have written the book .
Passive: The book might have been written by Ram.

Active :  Ram might have written the book.
Passive: Advance tax must have been paid by these businessmen.

Active :  Anu ought to have consulted a doctor.
Passive: A doctor ought to have been consulted by Anu.

नियम 12
कुछ  वाक्यों में Active Voice में is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, shall, have, will have के पश्चात to + First Form of Verb का प्रयोग होता है। Passive Voice में इन क्रियाओं के पश्चात् to + be+ Third Form of Verb का प्रयोग करते है।

Pattern:
Object + is/am/are/was/were + to be + V3 + by (subject) (V3 = Verb का third form)

Active : The guide is to help him.
Passive: He is to be helped by the guide.

Active:  The teacher was to instruct him.
Passive: He was to be instructed by the teacher.

Active :  They are to assist the doctor.
Passive: The doctor is to be assisted (by them).

Active:  I have to finish this work in an hour.
Passive: This work has to be finished in an hour.

Active: Somebody has to feed her.
Passive: She has to be fed.

Active:  Mr Sharma had to lead her.
Passive: She has to be led by Mr. Sharma.

Active:  I have to make some arrangements.
Passive: Some arrangements have to be made (be me.)

नियम 13
There से शुरू होने वाले Active Voice के कुछ वाक्यों में Subject (Noun) के बाद Infinitive (to + Transitive Verb) का प्रयोग होता है। इनका Passive Voice बनाते समय निम्नलिखित Pattern प्रयोग में लाया जाता है-

Pattern:
There + Verb + Subject (Noun)+ to be+Past Participle

Active: There is no form to reject.
Passive: There is no form to be rejected.

Active: There is no plan to make against him.
Passive: There is no plan to be made against him.

Active:  There are some questions to answer.
Passive: There are some questions to be answered.

नियम 14
जिन वाक्यों में Object के बाद Infinitive (without ‘to’) दिया होता है, उनका Passive Voice निम्नलिखित pattern का प्रयोग करके बनाया जाता है-

Pattern:
Object+to be+Past Participle+to infinitive+....

Active: I made her wash my clothes.
Passive: She was made to wash my clothes.

Active : We saw him cross the road.
Passive: He was seen to cross the road.

Active:  They got the boy polish their shoes.
Passive: The boy was got to polish their shoes.

Complex Sentences को Passive Voice में बदलने के दो नियम है-

1. केवल Main Clause को ही Passive Voice में बदलते है तथा इसे it से शुरू करते है और that से शुरू होने वाले clause को ज्यों का त्यों रखते है।
Pattern:
it + to be + past participle + that + ........(शेष भाग ज्यों का त्यों)
2. That से शुरू होने वाले clause के subject को ही Passive Voice का subject बनाते है। शेष परिवर्तन to be + past participle के रूप में करते है। जैसे-
Active:  People believe that smoking is injurious to health.
Passive:
(a) It is believed that smoking is injurious to health.
(b) Smoking is believed to be injurious to health.

Active:  They say that apples are good for health
Passive:
(a) It is said that apples are good for health.
(b) Apples are said to be good for health.

Active:  They say that Akbar was a great king.

Passive:
(a) It was said that Akbar was a great king.
(b) Akbar was said to be great king.

Active:  They will suggest that we should revise the course.
passive: 
(a) It will be suggested that the course should be revised.
(b) The course will be suggested to be revised.

नियम  16
आधुनिक अंग्रेजी में अब Passive Voice बनाते समय उन तमाम कर्ताओं (Subjects) को छोड़ देते है जो अज्ञात (Unknown) होते है। जैसे-Someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, one, children, people, we, they इत्यादि। जैसे -

Active:  We saw the tiger in the field.
Passive: The tiger was seen in the field.

Active: You demonstrated the lesson very well.
Passive: The lesson was demonstrated very well.

Active: People speak English all over the world.
Passive: English is spoken all over the world.

Active: Somebody stole my car yesterday.
Passive: My car was stolen yesterday.

निय म 17
ऐसे नकारात्मक वाक्य जिनमें do/ does/ did + not + V1दिया हो, उनका passive voice बनाते समय do/ does + not + V1को is/ am/ are + not + V3 में बदल देते है और did + not + V1को was/ were + not + V3में बदल देते है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
(do/does)+not+V1	(is/are/am)+not+V3
did+not+V1	(was/were)+not+V3

Active: We do not repair mobiles here.
Passive: Mobiles are not repaired here.

Active: The teacher did not write some words legibly on the black board.
Passsive: Some words were not written legibly on the black board.

नि यम 18
कुछ क्रियाओं के पश्चात Passive Voice में by preposition के स्थान पर अन्य Prepositions (उन क्रियाओं हेतु निश्चित) का प्रयोग होता है।

[A]. Surprised, Astonished, Disappointed, displeased तथा Alarmed के पश्चात Passive Voice में at का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे-
Active: Your intelligence surprised me.
Passive: I was surprised at your intelligence.

Active:  His success astonished us.
Passive: We were astonished his success.

[B]. Known तथा Obliged के पश्चात Passive Voice में to आता है। जैसे-
Active:  Everybody knows Gandhiji.
Passive: Gandhi is known to everybody.

[C]. Pleased, Satisfied आदि के पश्चात passive Voice में with का प्रयोग होता है जैसे-
Active: My behaviour pleased him.
Passive: He was pleased with my behaviour.

Active: Your work satisfies the officers.
Passive: The officers are satisfied with your work.

[D]. Interested के पश्चात Passive Voice में in का प्रयोग होता है जैसे -
Active:  This book interests me.
Passive: I am interested in this book.

Change of Interrogative Sentences to Passive Voice

Interrogative Sentences का Passive Voice सदैव Interrogative में ही बनता है। इनको Passive Voice में बदलते समय Active Voice के कर्ता (Subject) को अधिकतर by लगाकर V3 के बाद Objective रूप में रखते है, क्योंकि बिना इनके वाक्य की पूर्णता नहीं बन पाती।

निय म 1
अगर वाक्य के प्रारंभ में प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम (Interrogative Pronoun) नहीं हो, केवल Auxiliary Verb (is, are, was, were, do, does, did आदि) हो तो passive Voice में अन्य बातें पहले के नियमों के अनुसार ही लागू होती है।
Pattern:
to be + object + V3 + by +?

Active:  Did he kill a lion?
Passive: Was a lion killed by him?

Active:  Do you help your friends?
Passive: Are your friends helped?

निय म 2
(A) Active Voice में वाक्य के प्रारंभ में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द (why, when, where, how, which, what आदि) हो तो passive voice में इस प्रश्नवाचक शब्द को वाक्य के प्रारंभ में ज्यों का त्यों रख दिया जाता है, शेष बातें पूर्ववर्ती नियमों के अनुसार ही लागू होती हैं।
Pattern:
Wh-word + to be + object + V3+ by + agent+?

Active:  When does he take his tea?
Passive: When is his tea taken?

Active:  Why did you write a letter?
Passive: Why was a letter written by you?

(B) Passive Voice बनाते समय प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम who के स्थान पर या तो by whom रखते है या प्रारंभ में who रखकर by वाक्य के बिल्कुल अंत में ले जाते है, whom के स्थान पर who का प्रयोग करते है जैसे-
Active:  Who called me?
Passive: By whom was I called?
Or
 Who was I called by?
Active:  Who stole my pen?
Passive: By whom was my stolen?
Or
Who was my pen stolen by?

निय म 3
यदि Active voice के वाक्य का प्रारंभ modal auxiliary (can, could, may, might आदि) से हो तो passive Voice बनाते समय इन्हें वाक्य के प्रारंभ में ज्यों का त्यों रख देते है।

Active:  Will I help you?
Passive: will you be helped by me?

Active:  Can you speak English?
Passive: Can English spoken by you?

Change of Imperative Sentences to Passive Voice

नियम  1
जिन वाक्यों में Order या Command का भाव प्रकट होता है उन्हें Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए वाक्य में अपनी ओर से let का प्रयोग करते है तथा उसे वाक्य के प्रारंभ में रखते है। उसके बाद Object रखा जाता है। इसके पश्चात be + V3का प्रयोग करते है।
Pattern: Let + object + be + V3

Active: Post this letter.
P as sive: Let this letter be posted.

Active: Tell him to wait.
Passive: Let him be told to wait.

Active: Open the door.
Passive: Let the door be opened.

Active: Answer all these questions.
Passive: Let all these questions be answered.

Active: Give me a book.
Passive: Let me be given a book.
Or
Let a book be given to me.
Active: Make Sohan captain of the team.
Passive: Let Sohan be made captain of the team.

निय म 2
जब Imperative Sentence. Negative हो तो Passive Voice निम्नलिखित दो में से किसी एक तरीके से बना सकते है-
(A). do को हटाकर उसकी जगह let का प्रयोग करते है।
Pattern: Let + not + Object + be + V3

(B). do को हटा देते है और वाक्य का प्रारंभ Let से करते है, परन्तु not को be के ठीक पहले  रखते है।
Pattern: Let + Object + not + be + V3
Active: Do not kill the bird.
Passive:
(a) Let not the bird be killed.
Or
(b) Let the bird not be killed.
Active: Do not abuse Ram.
Passive:
(a) Let not Ram be abused.
Or
(b) Let Ram not be abused.
Active: Don’t tease the old man.
Passive:
 (a) Let not the old man teased.

नियम  3
Imperative Sentence यदि सलाह (advice) या प्रार्थना (request) के रूप में हो तो Passive Voice बनाते समय-
(A).Please या Kindly के स्थान पर you are requested to तथा सलाह की स्थिति में you are advised to का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे-
 Active: Please take your seat.
Passive: you are requested to take your seat.

Active: Kindly wake me up in the morning.  
Passive: You are requested to wake me up in the morning.

Active: Avoid had company.
Passive: You are advised to avoid bad company.

(B).Please या Kindly (यदि हो तो) हटा देते है। वाक्य को should be + V3 के रूप में लिखते है। जैसे-
Active: Please help the poor man.
Passive: The poor man should be helped.

Active: Please take the medicines.
Passive: The medicines should be taken.

Note:- इस प्रकार के वाक्यों की Passive Voice बनाने में उर्पयुक्त में से किसी एक तरीके का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। परीक्षा में दोनो ही सही माने जायेंगे। जैसे-

Active: Let him play cricket.
Passive: Let criket be played by him.

Active: Let her make tea.
Passive: Let tea be made by her.