1000 One word Substitution in English for competitive exams

 One word Substitution in English for competitive exams :-

 One word substitutions :- is used as one word in place of a wordy phrase or sentence. One Word Substitutions forms an essential part of the vocabulary

One word substitution is the word that can be used in place of too many cluttered words. One Word Substitution is used to make the sentence formation clear and easy to understand. The replacement of the words with the replacement word should keep the meaning of the sentence the same while reducing the length of the sentence. Substituted words should have proper meaning and while using them you should take care that it doesn’t alter the sentence.

1000 One word Substitution in English for competitive exams

One word Substitutions

 1. The main character in a story- PROTAGONIST

2. To gather/store things illegally- HOARD
3. To give someone a piece of one’s mind- REPRIMAND
4. Scientific study of words- ETYMOLOGY
5. Scientific study of insects- ENTOMOLOGY
6. Painless death from an incurable disease/Mercy killing- EUTHANASIA
7. A minor fault- PECCADILLO
8. A great work of art/literature- MAGNUM OPUS
9. To behave dramatically to attract attention- HISTRIONIC
10. A written statement about someone’s character- TESTIMONIAL
11. One who does not make mistakes- INFALLIBLE
12. An official call to appear in a court of law- SUMMONS
13. To cut a part of a person’s body- AMPUTATE
14. A violent storm- TEMPEST
15. One who pretends to be what he is not- HYPOCRITE/IMPOSTOR
16. A situation that stops an activity from progressing- BOTTLENECK
17. Arrangement in order of occurrence- CHRONOLOGICAL
18. Anything occurring at night/Related to night- NOCTURNAL
19. Study of religions, and religious ideas and beliefs- THEOLOGY
20. One who stays absent without permission- TRUANT
21. A form of government in which all religions are honored- SECULAR
22. Living together of a man and a woman without being married- CONCUBINAGE
23. The worship of idols and images- IDOLATRY
24. That which burns easily- INFLAMMABLE
25. Place for public gathering- FORUM
26. An addition to the end of a letter- POSTSCRIPT
27. A dead skin cast-off by a snake- SLOUGH
28. Place for keeping bees- APIARY
29. Keeping of bees for extracting honey- APICULTURE
30. One who keeps bees for extracting honey- APIARIST
31. Place for keeping birds- AVIARY
32. Instruments for recording earth’s tremors- SEISMOGRAPH
33. One who studies/records earth’s tremors- SEISMOLOGIST
34. A sudden and violent change- CATACLYSM
35. A specialist in nose diseases- RHINOLOGIST
36. The art of making fireworks- PYROTECHNICS
37. A collection of poems- ANTHOLOGY
38. A collection of short and amusing stories- ANECDOTE
39. The process of deciding the nature of a disease by examination- DIAGNOSIS
40. One who finds nothing good in anything- CRITIC
41. One who is hard to please- FASTIDIOUS
42. Giving undue favor to one’s kith and kin- NEPOTISM
43. Irresistible desire of alcohol- DIPSOMANIA
44. Government run by people of high intellectual ability/Government by meritorious people- MERITOCRACY
45. Government by elderly men- GERONTOCRACY

46. A form of government in which only one person rules- AUTOCRACY/ AUTARCHY/ DESPOTISM/ ABSOLUTISM/ TOTALITARIANISM
47. A form of government in which two people rule- DIARCHY
48. Government by clergy class-THEOCRACY/ HIEROCRACY
49. Government only by men- PATRIARCHY
50. Government only by women- MATRIARCHY
51. A form of government in which the army rules- STRATOCRACY
52. Government by a small group of people- OLIGARCHY
53. One who studies election trends- PSEPHOLOGIST
54. A homeless child- WAIF
55. Money paid to get a person freed form captivity- RANSOM
56. Giving someone tit for tat- RETALIATE
57. Asking everyone for opinion- REFERENDUM
58. Total absence of law and order- ANARCHY
59. One who doesn’t follow any law and order- ANARCHIST
60. Allowance given to a wife after divorce/separation- ALIMONY
61. A member of the middle class- BOURGEOIS
62. An expert in any skill of hand- ARTISAN
63. One who amuses by showing skills of hands- JUGGLER
64. A war of religions- CRUSADE
65. One who chooses to live alone with little or no social contact- HERMIT
66. Seeing something that is not actually present- HALLUCINATION
67. That which cannot be controlled easily- INTRACTABLE
68. Examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings- INTROSPECTION
69. Surgical removal of stone from an organ- LITHOTOMY
70. One who believes in God- THEIST
71. One who doesn’t believe in God- ATHEIST
72. One who doubts the existence of God- AGNOSTIC
73. One who believes in a single God- MONOTHEIST
74. Customs of a particular group- MORES
75. The last station of any journey- TERMINUS
76. Government by the rich- PLUTOCRACY
77. Water fit for drinking- POTABLE
78. Anything that is fit to be eaten- EDIBLE
79. Self-worship- NARCISSISM
80. One who loves oneself- NARCISSIST
81. Soldiers who fight on foot- INFANTRY
82. Soldiers who fight on horseback- CAVALRY
83. Secretly listening to the talks of others- EAVESDROPPING
84. One who secretly listens to the talks of others- EAVESDROPPER
85. An apparatus used for measuring atmospheric pressure- BAROMETER
86. A list of books- CATALOGUE
87. The day when both night and day are equal- EQUINOX
88. One who can be easily deceived- GULLIBLE
89. One who is extremely careful- METICULOUS
90. An associate in crime- ACCOMPLICE
91. Fear of high places- ACROPHOBIA
92. Period of recovering from an illness- CONVALESCENCE
93. One who is recovering from an illness- CONVALESCENT
94. Failing to discharge one’s duty- DERELICTION
95. Liquid waste from a factory- EFFLUENTS
96. The firing of a number of guns together as a salute- SALVO
97. Study of legal punishment and prison management- PENOLOGY
98. One who cannot be defeated- INVINCIBLE
99. The science of compiling a dictionary- LEXICOGRAPHY
100. One who compiles a dictionary- LEXICOGRAPHER

One word Substitution A to Z

 A judge's private room, without the press or the public being present - In 

camera

 A period of time in the past that was idyllically happy and peaceful - Halcyon

 A tax or levy - Cess

 An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced 

as a word - Acronym

 An ability to do several things at the same time - Multitasking

 An ability to express oneself well in speech - Oracy

 An ability to make good judgements and take quick decisions - Acumen

 An ability to see what will or might happen in the - Foresight

 An ability to stay calm in difficult or dangerous situations - Sangfroid

 An ability to use one's hands skillfully or an ability to think quickly and 

effectively - Dexterity

 An ability, talent, or special skill needed to do something - Knack

 Able to become strong, healthy, or successful again after something bad 

happens - Resilient

 Able to do many different things - Versatile

 Able to exist together without trouble or conflict going together well -

Compatible

 Acceptable according to the law, fair or reasonable - Valid

 Accepting and closely following the traditional beliefs and customs of a 

religion - Orthodox

 An act of burying a dead person - Interment

 An act of carefully watching someone or something especially in order to 

prevent or detect a crime - Surveillance

 An act of causing two people or groups to become friendly again after an 

argument or disagreement - Reconciliation

 An act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape - Felony

 An act of destroying or damaging something deliberately so that it does not 

work correctly - Sabotage

 An act of ending the employment of a worker or group of workers - Layoff

 An act of explaining something - Exposition

 An act of getting money back from people it has been paid to - Clawback

 An act of going or travelling to a place along a way that is different from the 

usual or planned way - Detour

 An act of identifying a disease, illness, or problem by examining someone or 

something - Diagnosis

 An act of illegally copying someone's product or invention without permission 

- Piracy

  An act of no longer caring for, using, or doing something, failure to do one's 

job or duty - Dereliction

 An act of officially charging someone with a crime - Indictment

 An act of printing a statement about somebody that is not true and that gives 

people a bad opinion of them - Libel

 An act of punishing or harming somebody in return for what they have done to 

you your family or friends - Vengeance

 An act of remembering or telling about past experiences - Reminiscence

 An act of returning something that was lost or stolen to its owner - Restitution

 An act of sending someone to another person or place for treatment, help, 

advice, etc. - Referral

 An act of treating a holy place or object in a way that does not show proper 

respect - Sacrilege

 An act of trying to impress someone by saying the names of well-known people 

that one knows or has met - Name-dropping

 An act or fact of having a romantic or sexual relationship with someone other 

than one's husband, wife, or partner - Infidelity

 An act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering 

or leaving - Blockade

 An act or remark that is calculated to gain an advantage - Gambit

 An act that is part of a usually religious ceremony - Rite

 An act, activity, or process of finding the way to get to a place when one is 

travelling in a ship, airplane, car - Navigation

 An action of making amends for a wrong or injury - Atonement

 An action of marrying a person of a superior caste or class - Hypergamy

 An action of regaining or gaining possession of something in exchange for 

payment, or clearing a debt - Redemption

 An action or event that is a signal for somebody to do something - Cue

 An action or offence of speaking sacrilegiously about God or sacred things; 

profane talk - Blasphemy

 An activity or art of copying the behavior or speech of other people - Mimicry

 An activity or excitement that is unusual and that often is not wanted or 

necessary - Fuss

 An activity in that more and more people are becoming involved - Bandwagon

 Actor or actress - Thespian

 Add notes to (a text or diagram) giving explanation or comment - Annotate

 An additional fact or piece of information about a story that occurs after the 

main part - Postscript

 Advantages or gains secured as a result of corrupt practices - Graft

 An advice and future prediction based on the date of a person's birth and the 

positions of the stars and planets - Horoscope

 Agreed to by everyone - Unanimous

 An agreement between enemies or opponents to stop fighting, arguing, etc., for 

a certain period of time - Truce

 An alcoholic liquor especially when it is cheap or made illegally - Hooch

 All the plants that live in a particular area, time, period, or environment - Flora

 All the things that a person is able to do - Repertoire

 Allowed to know about (something secret) - Privy

 Always or often happening or existing - Inveterate

 An amount (such as an amount of money) that is more than the amount that is 

needed - Surplus

 An amount of moneygiven to a retiring soldier or employee - Gratuity

 An amount of money paid for a service - Honorarium

 An amount of money that a company or the government pays to a person who 

is old or sick and no longer works - Pension

 An amount of money that is given to someone in return for providing help in a 

secret and dishonest business deal - Kickback

 An amount of money that is paid at one time - Lump sum

 An amount of money that is spent - Outlay

 An amount of money that must be paid and that is collected by a government or 

other authority - Levy

 An amount of something that is produced by a person or thing - Output

 An amount of time that a person holds a job, office, or title - Tenure

 Amusing and very strange - Wacky

 An angry and unpleasant woman, sexually attractive woman - Vixen

 An argument that is complicated and continues over a long period of time -

Wrangle

 An invigilator at a university or college examination - Proctor

 An ancient text in the form of a book, official listof medicines or chemicals -

Codex

 Anger caused by something that is unfair or wrong - Indignation

 An angry and usually long speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes 

someone or something - Diatribe

 An angry woman who often complains about and criticizes other people -

Virago

 An animal or plant that lives in or on another animal or plant and gets food or 

protection from it - Parasite

 An animal that has four feet - Quadruped

 Annoy (someone) by often complaining about his or her behavior, appearance -

Nag

 Annoyance or distress at having failed or been humiliated - Chagrin

 An annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information such 

as astronomical data and tide tables - Almanac

 Any one of the large parts that some countries are divided into - Province

 Any one of the lines that go from the North Pole to the South Pole on maps of 

the world - Meridian

 Appearing, happening,, or arriving soon - Forthcoming

 An area around or near a particular place - Vicinity

 An area in a desert where there is water and plants - Oasis

 An area of land that has a particular quality or appearance - Landscape

 An area of sea water that is separated from the ocean by a reef or sandbar -

Lagoon

 An area of soft, wet ground; situation that is hard to deal with or get out of -

Quagmire

 An area that is not close to any cities or towns - Hinterland

 An area with people who are different in some way from the people in the areas 

around it - Enclave

 An area within which someone or something has authority, influence, or 

knowledge - Purview

 Argue loudly about things that are not important - Squabble

 Argue with someone in a friendly way - Spar

 An arrangement of events or dates in the order of eir occurrence - Chronology

 An arrangement of leaves, flowers, fruits, etc., in the shape of a circle that is 

used for decoration - Wreath

 An arrangement to meet somebody at a particular time and place - Rendezvous

 Arrival of a large number of people - Influx

 An art of growing ornamental, artificially dwarfed varieties of trees and shrubs 

in pots - Bonsai

 An art, science, or profession of teaching - Pedagogy

 As compared with; as opposed to - Vis-a-vis

 Asking for or demanding and taking (something) for one's use - Requisition

 At or near the end of a piece of writing - Ad fin

 Attacking on the reputation and integrity of someone or something - Aspersion

 Attractive in a sexual way with large breasts and hips - Voluptuous

 An attractively arranged bunch of flowers,especially one presented as a gift or 

carried at a ceremony - Bouquet

 Average or ordinary - Run-of-the-mill

 Back in which the spine is curved in an abnormal way - Hunchback

 Bad or immoral behaviour or habits - Vice

 Bad or immoral behaviour that involves sex, drugs, alcohol, etc. - Debauchery

 Bad or unfavorable; not good - Untoward

 Based on random choices or personal whims,rather than any reason or system-

Arbitrary

 Based on what is known or seen when something is first considered or dealt 

with - Prima facie

 Basic equipment and structures (such as roads and bridges) that are needed for 

a country,region, or organization to function properly - Infrastructure

 Be a sign of (something that is beginning to happen or will happen soon) -

Herald

 Be angry or upset about something and to refuse to discuss it with other people 

- Sulk

 Be deprived of a close relation or friend through their death - Bereave

 Be repeated several times as it is reflected off different surface - Reverberate

 Beat or whip (someone) severely - Flog

 Beautiful woman; the most beautiful woman in a particular place - Belle

 Beginning or first appearance of something - Dawning

 Beginning or origin of something - Genesis

 Beginning to develop or exist - Incipient

 Beginning to exist; recently formed or developed - Nascent

 Behaviour that is accepted as socially or morally correct and proper - Propriety

 Behaviour that shows low morals and a great love of pleasure, money, fame, 

etc - Decadence

 Behaviour in which somebody pretends to have moral standards or opinions 

that they do not actually have - Hypocrisy

 Behaviour, in particular sexual or legally dubious behaviour; considered 

improper but not seriously so - Hanky-panky

 Beliefs or ideas that are very important to a group - Tenet

 Beliefs or opinions that do not agree with the official belief or opinion of a 

particular religion - Heresy

 Beliefs that particular events happen in a way that cannot be explained by 

reason or science - Superstition

 Belonging or relating to heaven - Celestial

 Belonging to a foreign country, supposedly from another world; unfamiliar and 

disturbing or distasteful - Alien

 Belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else -

Indigenous

 Belonging to the basic nature of someone or something - Inherent

 Belonging to the middle class - Bourgeois

 Below or beneath (something) - Underneath

 Bending down or over; doing something that is not honest, fair, etc. - Stoop

 Benefits which one enjoys or is entitled to on account of one's job or position -

Perquisite

 Best or most important part of something; the point of greatest success or 

achievement - Pinnacle

 Best or most important person or thing - Numero uno

 Best or most important thing owned or produced by a particular organization -

Flagship

 Better than all others - Par excellence

 Blaming or insulting (someone) in strong or violent language - Vituperate

 Block of stone or wood that is used as the base for a pillar, statue, etc. - Plinth

 Body of remedial substances used in the practice of medicine - Materia 

medica

 Books, articles, etc., that discuss a subject carefully and thoroughly - Treatise

 Border or line that separates two things, such as types of work, groups of 

people or areas of land - Demarcation

 Boring or unpleasant work that does not require special skill and usually does 

not pay much money - Menial

 Bottom edge of a dress, skirt, or coat - Hemline

 Break off (a meeting, legal case , or game) with the intention of resuming it 

later - Adjorn

 Brief and direct in a way that may seem rude or unfriendly - Terse

 Brief and usually unplanned fight during a war - Skirmish

 Brief time when an action or activity stops - Lull

 Brief trips taken for pleasure - Jaunt

 Brief trips that people take for fun usually as a group - Outing

 Brief written messages or reports from one person or department in a company 

or organization to another - Memorandum

 Bringing (someone who is unconscious, not breathing, or close to death) back 

to a conscious or active state again - Resuscitate

 Broken parts of a vehicle, building, etc., that has been badly damaged or 

destroyed - Wreckage

 Brother or sister - Sibling

 Building and the area of land that it is on, statement or idea that is accepted as 

being true and that is used as the basis of an argument - Premise

 Building in which grain is stored - Granary

 Building in which the bodies of dead people are burned - Crematorium

 Building or chamber above or below the ground in which a dead body is kept -

Tomb

 Building or room in which images of stars, planets, etc., are shown on a high, 

curved ceiling - Planetarium

 Building that is used for Jewish religious services - Synagogue

 Building where aircrafts are kept - Hangar

 Business of making fashionable and expensive clothes for women - Haute 

couture

 Businesses that make money through illegal activities, loud, unpleasant noise -

Racket

 By or for each person - Per capita

 C

 Caption to a photograph or other illustration - Cutline

 Card from the pack that has been chosen as the most valuable for a particular 

card game - Trump

 Care or maintenance of buildings, equipment,etc - Unkeep

 Careful and persistent works or efforts - Diligence

 Careful plans or methods for achieving a particular goal usually over a long 

period of time - Strategy

 Cause (a material) to be filled or soaked with something - Impregnate

 Cause (someone or something) to receive or take in a large amount of things at 

the same time - Inundate

 Cause (someone) to fall down or be turned over - Upend

 Cause (things or people) to separate and go in different directions - Scatter

 Cause of pain or harm - Affliction

 Centre of public attention - Limelight

 Ceremony held for a dead person - Funeral

 Ceremony held in a university or college when students receive their degrees -

Convocation

 Ceremony in which a crown is placed on the head of a new king or queen -

Coronation

 Certain to die - Mortal

 Certain to work properly or succeed - Infallible

 Changing (something good) so that it is no longer as what it was or should be -

Pervert

 Charging an important public figure with a serious crime - Impeach

 Changing (something) slightly in order to improve it; to make small

adjustments to (something) - Tweak

 Changing an earlier statement, opinion or promise because of pressure from 

somebody/something - Backtrack

 Changing direction quickly or suddenly - Veer

 Changing from one state or condition to another - Transition

 Changing moods quickly and often - Mercurical

 Character and atmosphere of a place - Ambience

 Cheerful friendliness; geniality - Bonhomie

 Chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain 

life- Metabolism

 Claim or a piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a 

criminal one , is alleged to have taken place; excuse or pretext - Alibi

 Clear message or request for people to do something - Clarion call

 Clever trick or plan that is used to get someone to do something or to gain an 

advantage over someone - ploy

 Climb or moving with difficulty or a lot of effort, using one's hands and feet -

Clamber

 Close friend one has worked with, been in the military with, etc. - Comrade

 Close relationship with someone or something - Communion

 Close-knit group of interrelated families, large family, or a group of people 

who are connected because of a particular thing - clan

 Clothes, especially fine or formal ones - attire

 Collecting or forming into a mass or group- Agglomerate

 Collectable object such as a piece of furniture or work of art that has a high 

value because of its age and quality- Antique

 Collection of different things - Potpourri

 Collection of historical documents or records providing information about a 

place, institution, orgroup of people - Archive

 Collection of things (such as photographs, stories, facts, etc.) that have been 

gathered together and presented as a group especially in the form of a book -

Compendium

 Collection of things, which may be similar or different - Collage

 Collection of weapons and military equipment - Arsenals

 Collection of written or spoken texts - Corpus

 Combination of events, state of affairs - Conjuncture

 Come at a later time; to happen as a result - Ensure

 Comparing between one thing and another, typically for the purpose of 

explanation or clarification - Analogy

 Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others -

Charisma

 Competition for young women in which their beauty, personal qualities and 

skills are judged - Pageant

 Complete change of attitude or opinion - Volte - Face

 Complete control of the entire supply of goods or of a service in a certain area 

or market - Monopoly

 Complete freedom to act as one wishes - Carte blanche

 Complete lists of items, typically one in alphabetical or other systematic order -

Catalogue

 Complete range of different opinions,people, etc. - Spectrum

 Completely unwilling to change - Intransigent

 Complex disputes or arguments - Imbroglio

 Complicated and confusing system of connected passage - Maze

 Complicated or unpleasant situations that is difficult to get out of or to move 

through - Morass

 Comprising or relating to all sorts or varieties - Omnifarious

 Conceal the nature or existence of (a feeling or situation) - Disguise

 Concentrated artillery bombardment over a wide area : large number of 

something, such as questions or comments, that are directed at somebody very 

quickly, one after the other, often in an aggressive way - Barrage

 Conclusion or opinions that are formed because of known facts or evidence -

Inference

 Condition in which a part of one's body becomes red, swollen, and painful-

Inflammation

 Condition in which someone is not able to think normally because of being 

drunk, drugged, tired, etc. - Stupor

 Confused struggles or fights involving many people - Melee

 Confusing or difficult problem - Conundrum

 Confusing or meaningless words or activities - Mumbo-jumbo

 Connected with particular circumstances- Circumstantial

 Connected with young people who are not yet adults - Juvenile

 Consequences or after-effects of a significant and unpleasant event -

Aftermath

 Consisting of or using both letters and numerals - Alphanumeric

 Consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type -

Homogeneous

 Contests, disputes, competitions, etc., in which neither side can gain an 

advantage or win - Stalemate

 Continual increase in the price of goods and services - Inflation

 Continuing without stopping - Incessant

 Continuous rattling sound as of hard objects falling or striking each other -

Clatter

 Control or affect (something, such as a game or election) in a dishonest way in 

order to get a desired result - Rig

 Controlling or influencing a situation in a skilful but sometimes dishonest way -

Manoeuvre

 Controlled breeding and rearing of fish. - Pisciculture

 Conversations in which clever statements and replies are made quickly -

Repartee

 Correcting something that is unfair or wrong - Redress

 Corrupt behaviour in a position of trust, especially in public office -

Malversation

 Courage or bravery - Valour

 Courtesy and considerate behaviour towards others - Comity

 Course of action leading nowhere - Blind alley

 Covered passages with arches along one or both sides - arcade

 Covered with decoration - Ornate

 Created or done for a particular purpose as necessary - Ad hoc

 Crime of getting money from someone by the use of force or threat - Extortion

 Crime of trying to overthrow one's country's government or of helping one's 

country's enemies during war- Treason

 Crimes or other morally wrong acts : illegal or immoral behavior especially by 

young people - Delinquency

 Cruel and unfair treatment by people with power over others - Tyranny

 Cry very loudly and noisily - Squall

 Curved paths along which something (such as a rocket) moves through the air 

or through space - Trajectory

 Curved paths followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another 

planet, star, moon, etc- Orbit

 Customs or a way of acting or doing things that is widely accepted and 

followed - Convention

 Customers of a shop, bar, or place of entertainment - Clientele

 Cut made in something - Incision

 D

 Dance or musical performance - Recital

 Dangers or problems that are hidden or not obvious at first - Pitfall

 Dark and dirty : not fresh or clean - Dingy

 Dark and underground prisons in castles - Dungeon

 Date or time when something must be finished : the last day, hour, or minute on 

that something will be accepted - Deadline

 Days when day and night are of the same length - Equinox

 Dead bodies of animals - Carcass

 Dead persons who leave the grave at night to bite and suck the blood of living 

people - Vampire

 Decayed mixture of plants (such as leaves and grass) that is used to improve the 

soil in a garden - Compost

 Decayed with usually a very bad or disgusting smell - Putrid

 Deceiving or to trick (someone) to persuade (someone) by telling lies - Con(v)

 Deep unconscious state, usually lasting a long time and caused by serious 

illness or injury - Coma

 Deep, wet sand into which heavy objects sink easily - Quicksand

 Deeply religious : devoted to a particular religion - Devout

 Defeating (someone or something) easily and Throughly - Trounce

 Defeating and gaining control of (someone or something) by the use of force -

Subjugate

 Defeating or tricking (someone) by being more intelligent or clever - Outsmart

 Delay doing something until a later time because one does not want to do it, 

because one is lazy - Procrastinate

 Describing (someone or something) as unimportant, weak, bad, etc - Disparage

 Designed or intended to teach people something - Didactic

 Desire to cause harm to another person - Malice

 Determined not to change one's opinion or attitude; difficult to deal with, 

remove, etc. - Stubborn

 Developing friendlier relations between countries or groups of people who have 

been enemies - Rapprochement

 Dictionary of the special terms in a particular field or job - Glossary

 Die because one is unable to breathe - Suffocate

 Difference between two opposite things : a division into two opposite groups -

Dichotomy

 Difference especially between things that should be the same - Discrepancy

 Difficult and unpleasant to do or deal with - Onerous

 Difficult to handle, control, or deal with because of being large, heavy, or 

complex - Unwieldy

 Difficult to understand : having or seeming to have a hidden meaning - Cryptic

 Dilemma or difficult circumstances from which there is no escape because of 

mutually conflicting or dependent conditions - Catch-22

 Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree - Lineage

 Disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events- Anticlimax

 Disease or disorder that involves a particular group of signs and symptoms -

Syndrome

 Disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world - Pandemic

 Disguising of military personnel, equipment, and installations by painting or 

covering them to make them blend in with their surrounding - Camouflage

 Dishonest or immoralpersons - Sleaze

 Displaying wealth, knowledge, etc., in a way that is meant to attract attention, 

admiration, or envy - Ostentatious

 Distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian, measured in 

degrees - Longitude

 Distance of a place north or south of the equator (= the line around the world 

dividing north and south), measured in degrees - Latitude

 Doing activities for fun or enjoyment - Play-off

 Doing better than (someone or something) : to be more successful than 

(someone or something) - Outdo

 Doing something that is not allowed : to disobey a command or law -

Transgress

 Doctor's opinion about how someone will recover from an illness or injury -

Prognosis

 Done or given because one wants to and not because one is forced to -

Voluntary

 Dramatic works in which all or most of the words are sung to music; works of 

this type as an art form or entertainment - Opera

 Drawing or pictures that show only the shape of an object - Outline

 Dull and ordinary - Mundane

 Dull or socially ineptperson, especially someone who is excessively studious -

Spod

 E

 Eager to own and collect things - Acquisitive

 Easily affected, influenced, or harmed by something - Susceptible

 Easily annoyed or angered and likely to argue - Truculent

 Easily hurt or harmed physically, mentally, or emotionally : open to attack, 

harm, or damage - Vulnerable

 Easily managed or controlled : willing to learn or be guided by another -

Tractable

 Eating both plants and animals : eager to learn about many different things -

Omnivorous

 Economic situations where there is high inflation (= prices rising continuously) 

but no increase in the jobs that are available or in business activity -

Stagflation

 Effective from a particular date in the past - Retrospective

 Elaborate or glib speeches or stories, typically those used by a salesperson -

Spiel

 E-mails that are not wanted : an e-mail that is sent to large numbers of people 

and that consists mostly of advertising - Spam

 Embarrassing social mistake - Faux pas

 Ending a romantic relationship with (someone) in a sudden and painful way -

Jilt

 Ending an organization or group (such as a club) - Disband

 End or failure of an institution, an idea, a company, etc. : death of a person -

Demise

 Enjoy (something) for a long time - Savour

 Enjoying oneself or celebrating in a noisy or boisterous way - Roister

 Enjoyable in a lively or noisy way - Rollicking

 Enjoyments that someone gets from being violent or cruel or from causing pain 

- Sadism

 Entering (someone) as a member of or being a participant in something -

Enroll

 Entering or appearing somewhere suddenly and with a lot of force - Irrupt

 Enthusiastic and vocal supporters of someone or something - Cheerleader

 Enthusiastic clapping by an audience as a sign of their approval - Ovation

 Error in the way a law, rule, or contract is written that makes it possible for 

some people to legally avoid obeying it - LOOPHOLE

 Events causing great and usually sudden damage or suffering; a disaster -

catastrophe

 Events involving destruction or damage on a catastrophic scale - apocalypse

 Events marked by festivities or celebration - fiesta

 Event or a short period of time that is important or unusual - episode

 Events or situations in which many people are killed and many things are 

destroyc espicially by fire- holocaust

 Events that may or may not happen - contingency

 Exact or very close copy of something - Replica

 Examinations intended to qualify successful candidates for higher education -

Baccalaureate

 Examples that represent or express something very well - Epitome

 Excessive emotional or psychological reliance on a partner - Codependency

 Exchanging goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using 

money - Barter

 Excluding (someone) from a group - Ostracize

 Existing as a basic part of a person's nature or character - Inbred

 Existing from the beginning of time : very ancient - Primordial

 Existing or continuing in the same way for a long time - Perennial

 Existing or happening in the same time period - Contemporary

 Existing, but not yet very noticeable, active or well developed - Latent

 Experiences that are very unpleasant or difficult - Ordeal

 Experienced or felt by watching, hearing about, or reading about someone else 

rather than by doing something yourself - Vicarious

 Expressing doubts about whether something is right, honest, etc. - Impugn

 Expressing severe disapprovals of (someone or something), especially in a 

formal statement - Censure

 Expressing feelings or opinions in a very loud or forceful way - Vociferous

 Expressing opinions or criticism in a very forceful and often annoying or 

unpleasant way - Strident

 Expressions designed to call something to mind without mentioning it 

explicitly : an indirect or passing reference - Allusion

 Expressions of strong anger or disapproval by many people - Outcry

 Extensive groups of islands - Archipelago

 Extra vote given by a chairperson to decide an issue when the votes on each 

side are equal - Casting vote

 Extracting money from (someone) by fine or taxation - Mulct

 Extreme anger : a strong feeling of unhappiness because of something bad, 

hurtful, or morally wrong - - Outrage

 Extreme physical or mental sufferings - Agony

 Extreme self-confidence or audacity (usually used approvingly) - Chutzpah

 Extremely easy tasks - Cinch

 Extremely excited and enthusiastic about doing something - Gung ho

 Extremely good and deserving to be admired and copied - Exemplary

 Extremely or unusually small - Diminutive

 Extremely strong dislikes or fears of someone or something – Phobia

 F

 Facts or the process of ending or being brought to an end - Cessation

 Failing to show proper respect and courtesy - Impudent

 Fights, briefly and usually not very seriously - Scuffle

 Figures shaped like a human body that is used for making or displaying clothes 

- Mannequin

 Filled with or showing sexual desire - Lascivious

 First time an actor, musician, athlete, etc., does something in public or for the 

public - Debut

 Fixed sum of money paid to someone each year, typically for the rest of their 

life - Annuity

 Flat cases for carrying documents or drawings, investments that are owned by a 

person or organization - Portfolio

 Fleet of warships - Armada

 Flowing out of something in a fast and forceful way - Spew

 Following, watching, and bothering (someone) constantly in a way that is 

frightening, dangerous, etc. - Stalk

 Food that a person or animal usually eats- Diet

 Food that is cooked in a particular way, style of cooking - Cuisine

 Foolish talks or ideas.- Guff

 Foolish, confused, or meaningless words - Gibberish

 For an intervening or temporary period of time - Ad interim

 Forcing someone to go somewhere with you, often using threats or violence -

Abduction

 Forceful or angry speeches - Harangue

 Forming An opinion about something without definitely knowing the truth -

Surmise

 Form of punishments or tortures that involved caning the soles of someone's 

feet - Bastinado

 Formal acts or the process of placing someone into a new job, position, 

government office, - Induction

 Formal ceremonies or series of acts that are always performed in the same way 

- Ritual

 Formal meetings in which representatives or experts discuss important matters, 

make decisions, etc. - Congress

 Formal processions ofpeople walking, on horseback, or riding in vehicles -

Cavalcade

 Formally choosing (someone) as a candidate for a job, position, office, etc. -

Nominate

 Formations of clear and distinct sounds in speech - Articulation

 Fortresses, typically one on high ground above a city - Citadel

 Formal and serious promises to tell the truth or to do something - Oath

 Fraudulent or dishonest acts or practices - Rort

 Fraudulent practices of sending emails purporting to be from reputable 

companies in order to induce individuals to reveal personal information -

Phishing

 Freedom from being required to do something that others are required to do -

Exemption

 Freedom from punishment, harm, or loss - Impunity

 Freedom to do something the way you want to do it - Leeway

 Friendly relationships - Rapport

 Friendly remarks and jokes - Banter

 Full and wide view of something - panorama

 Full of anger, arguments and bad feelings - Acrimonious

 Full of clever tricks : very clever - Wily

 Full of hate or anger, extremely or excessively harsh or strong - Virulent

 Funny and clever - Witty

 Funny plays or movies about ridiculous situations- Farce

 G

 General laws, rules, principles, or criteria by which something is judged -

Canon

 General or basic quality or meaning of something - Tenor

 Generous and friendly treatment of visitors and guests - Hospitality

 Genuine, real or legal; not false - Bona fide

 Girlfriends of criminals - Moll

 Giving a brief summary of something - Recapitulate

 Giving or being a sign of (something that will happen or develop in the future) 

- Presage

 Giving somebody a signal using your finger or hand, especially to tell them to 

move nearer or to follow you - Beckon

 Giving up (something) : to give (something, such as power, control, or 

possession) to another person or group - Relinquish

 Giving help or support to the main group of workers - Auxiliary

 Going in a direction that is away from a group or from the place where one 

should be - Stray

 Going on someone's land without permission - Trespass

 Goods that are bought and sold - Merchandise

 Government departments that control public money - Exchequer

 Governments formed by two or more political parties working together -

Coalition

 Government officials who are the representative of his or her country in a 

foreign country - Consul

 Government orders that limit trade in some way - Embargo

 Gradual increase in noise : the loudest point of a period of continuous noise -

Crescendo

 Gradual reduction in the size of a business, activity, etc. - Runown

 Great and often wild or uncontrolled activities - Frenzy

 Great disaster or complete failure - Debacle

 Great number of things or people - Multitude

 Great technical skill and brilliance shown in a performance or activity -

Bravura

 Great work : the greatest achievement of an artist , or a writer - Magnum opus

 Groups of animals or plants that are similar and can produce young animals or 

plants - Species

 groups of members of the public who listen to the facts of a case in a court and 

decide whether or not somebody is guilty of a crime - Jury

 Groups of military ships commanded by the same person - Fleet

 Groups of musicians who play usually classical mt sic together and who are led 

by a conductor - orchestra

 Groups of officials led by an ambassador who represent their government in a 

foreign country :building in which an embassy works - embassy

 Groups of people or businesses that work together - Syndicate

 Groups of people who are doing something together - Platoon

 Groups of people who are the leaders of an action or movement in society, 

politics, art, - Vanguard

 Groups of people who are together for a particular - Posse

 Groups of people who go with and assist an important person - Entourage

 Groups of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, 

concert, somebody speaking, etc.) - Audience

 Groups of people who have the same job, interests, etc. - Fraternity

 Groups of people who operate a ship, airplane, or train - Crew

 Groups cf people who share a common feature or aspect of behaviour - Cohort

 Groups of people with shared concerns within a political party or larger 

organization - Caucus

 Groups of people, companies, etc., that agree to work together - Consortium

 Groups of people, countries, organizations, etc., that are joined together in 

some activity or effort - Confederation

 Groups of people, especially traders or pilgrims,travelling together across a 

desert in Asia or North Africa - Caravan

 Groups of separate companies that agree to increase profits by fixing prices and 

not competing with each other - Cartel

 Groups of singers or dancers performing together in a supporting role in a 

musical or opera - Chorus

 Groups of vehicles or ships that are travelling together usually for protection -

Convoy

 Groups or organization of nations or people united for a purpose - League

 Groups within a larger group that have different ideas and opinions than the 

rest of the group - Faction

 Guiding beliefs of a person, group, or organization - Ethos

 H

 Happening after death, medical examination of the body of a dead person to 

determine the cause of death - Post-mortem

 Happening as a result of something - Consequent

 Happening at the same time - Concurrent

 Happening often but not regularly : not constant or steady - Sporadic

 Happening or appearing again and again - Recurrent

 Happening or appearing in many places and not unusual : very common or 

ordinary - Common place

 Happening or popular at a particular time - Du jour

 Happening, done, or published after someone's death - Posthumous

 Happy and enjoyable scenes or experience - Idyll

 Happy and lively in a way that is attractive - Vivacious

 Harming (someone) through sexual contact to touch (someone) in a sexual and 

improper way - Molest

 Harsh and angry words - Vitriolic

 Harsh criticisms that show a lack of respect or approval for someone or 

something - Scorn

 Harsh discordant mixture of sounds - Cacophony

 Harsh or critical statements about someone - Obloquy

 Having (something) as a part, step, or result - Entail

 Having a speech problem that causes one to repeat the beginning sound of 

some words - Stutter

 Having A dull 01 uninteteiting appearance not attractivc, or stylish - Dowdy

 Having a god or helpful result especially after something unpleasant has 

happened - Salutary

 Having a pleasant, spicy taste interesting and exciting - Piquant

 Having a strong and unpleasant smell or taste front no longer being fresh -

Rancid

 Having a strong, sharp taste or smell - Pungent

 Having a very appealing taste or smell - Luscious

 Having a very noticeable quality that attrats a lot of attention - Flamboyant

 Having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline -

Recalcitrant

 Having complete or unlimited power - Omnipotent

 Having fair hair and a light complexion - Blonde

 Having many twists and turns : compliLated. long, and confusing - Tortuous

 Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone -

Ambivalent

 Having no legal power - Nutt

 Having no useful purpose - Otiose

 Having or relating to two sides affecting both sides, involving two parties, 

especially countries - Bilateral

 Having or showing a desire to hurt someone who has hurt or caused problems 

for you - Vindictive

 Having or showing a lot of courage or determination - Plucky

 Having or showing a lot of violence and blood - Gory

 Having or showing an ability to understand difficult ideas and situations and to 

make good decisions - Sagacious

 Having or showing courage : very brave or courageous - valiant

 Having or showing knowledge that is learned by studying - erudite

 Having people of different types or from different countries, and influenced by 

their culture : showing an interest in different cultures, ideas - cosmopolitian

 Having the letters q, w, e, r, t, and y arranged in a ,Oweitt row in the top row of 

letter keys - querty

 Having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of men - Masculine

 Having very fixed beliefs and being unlikely or unwilling to change them -

Hardliner

 Heavy automatic guns that fire shells from an aircraft or tank - Cannon

 Height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level - Altitude

 Helping someone or something pay for the costs of (something) - Subsidize

 Highest point in the development of something :a climax or culmination -

Apogee

 Highest point of a mountain : the top of a mountain - Summit

 History of the family members in a person's or animal's past especially when it 

is good or impressive - Pedigree

 Hitting (someone or something) very hard with a stick, whip, etc - Thrash

 Hitting (someone) on the buttocks with one's hand as a form of punishment -

Spank

 Hitting or beating something or someone and make a loud, deep sound -

Thump

 Hitting something with a loud, dull sound - Thud

 Honor or fame given for some achievement - Laurel

 Honor or respect that is felt for or shown to (someone or something) -

Reverence

 Hopeful or romantic in a way that is not practical - Quixotic

 Houses or part of a house in which the women of a Muslim household live -

Harem

 Houses where men visit prostitutes - Brothel

 Humour that shows the weaknesses or bad qualities of a person, gOvernment, 

society, etc. - Satire

 Humorous in a clever and often ironic way - Wry

 Humorous rhyming poem of five lines - Limerick

 Hundredth anniversary of a significant event - Centenary

 Husband's (or wife's) provision for a spouse after separation or divorce : 

maintenance - Alimony

 I

 Ideas about doing something that is far removed from normal reality - Fantasy

 Ideas or beliefs that people are born again with a different body after death -

Reincarnation

 Ideas or inventions which are considered to be a particular person's creation -

Brainchild

 Ideas or sets of beliefs that guide the actions of a person or group - Credo

 Idea or a set of principles or religious beliefs - Creed

 Ideas or theories that are not proven but that leads to further study or discussion 

- Hypothesis

 Ideas suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning - Connotation

 Ideas or statements that are often false or exaggerated and that are spread in 

order to help a cause, a political leader, a government, etc. - Propaganda

 Ideas or stories that are not true but that many people have heard or read -

Folklore

 (Illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring - Chronic

 Imaginary places in which the government, laws, and social conditions are 

perfect - Utopia

 Imaginary sea creatures that have a woman's head and body and a fish's tail 

instead of legs - Mermaid

 Impartial advisers to a court of law in a particular case - Amicus curiae

 Important, real, or meaningful - Substantive

 Impossible to defeat or discourage - Indomitable

 Impossible to defeat or overcome - INVINCIBLE

 Impossible to harm, damage, or defeat - INVULNERABLE

 Impossible 'to solve or get control of : impossible to overcome -

INSURMOUNTABLE

 Impressive display or range of a particular type of thing - ARRAY

 In a careless and unplanned way - WILLY NILLY

 In a confused and careless way - HELTER - SKELTER

 In a state of tremulous excitement - AFLUTTER

 In a very bad condition and needing to be repaired - RAMSHACKLE

 In an uncertain or undecided state or condition - LIMBO

 In great disorder or confusion - TOPSY - TURVY

 In preparation or progress happening or beginning to happen - AFOOT

 In a very bad condition because of age or lack of care - DILAPIDATED

 Including many different things : full of variety - VARIEGATED

 Increased effectiveness that results when two or more people or businesses 

work together - SYNERGY

 Indefinite and very long period of time - AEON

 Independent persons or a body officially appointed to settle a dispute -

Arbitrator

 Indirect and usually bad results of an action or event that may happen some 

time afterwards - Repercussion

 Influence or control over another country, a group of people - Hegemony

 Influence or power , especially in politics or business - Clout

 Informal ways of spreading information or rumors through conversation -

Grapevine

 Information about a person and about what they have done in their life -

Biodata

 Inscriptions on a building, statue, or coin - Epigraph

 ill Institutions,places, or persons strongly maintaining particular principles, 

attitudes, or activities - Bastion

 Insulting remarks made in public - Brickbats

 Intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory - Blitzkrieg

 Introduction to a book or speech - Preface

 Introduction to a book, play, etc. - Prologue

 Involving a chance that something bad or unpleasant could happen - Dicey

 Involving a lot of violence, confusion, or disorder - Tumultuous

 Involving death or violence in a way that is strange, frightening, or unpleasant -

Macabre

 Involving only one group or country - Unilateral

 Items of additional material added at the end of a book or other publication -

Addendum

 J

 Japanese art of folding paper into shapes that look like birds, animals, etc. -

Origami

 Japanese flower arranging, that has strict formal rules - Ikebana

 Japanese form of self-defence and martial art that uses locks, holds, throws, and 

the opponent's own movements - Aikido

 Jargon or slang of a particular group or class - Argot

 Jobs, activities, etc., that are very suitable for someone - Niche

 Journals or newspapers, especially the official one of .an organization or 

institution - Gazette

 Journalists who are not on the regular staff of a newspaper but who write 

stories for that newspaper - Stringer

 Journeys especially by a group of people for a specific purpose - Expedition

 K

 Killing (a person or animal) by squeezing the throat - Strangle

 Killing (an animal) for food, kill (many people) in a very violent way -

Slaughter

 Killing (someone) illegally as punishment for a crime - Lynch

 Killing of a large number of people - Carnage

 Killing or wounding of people, typically on a large scale during a conflict -

Bloodshed

 Kindness shown to somebody when they are being punished : willingness not 

somebody so severely - Clemency

 Knowing everything : having unlimited understanding or knowledge -

omniscient

 Knowing or using several languages - Polyglot

 L

 Lack of agreements between people, ideas, etc - Discord

 Lack of order : a confused or messy condition - Disarray

 Lack of respect or dislike for someone or something - Contempt

 Lack of seriousness - Levity

 Lack of solidity or substance; thinness - Tenuity

 Lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group - Anomie 

(anomy)

 Lacking confidence : not feeling comfortable around people, very careful about 

acting or speaking - Diffident

 (Land) used or suitable for growing crops - Arable

 (Language) used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing -

Colloquial

 (Legislative body) having two chambers - Bicameral

 Language of ordinary speechs rather than formal writing - Vernacular

 Language or behaviour that is nonsense and is intended to hide the truth from 

people - Hocus-pocus

 Language that is intended to influence people and that may not be honest or 

reasonable - Rhetoric

 Language that is used among people who speak various different languages -

Lingua franca

 Language used by a particular group of people - Parlance

 Language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people -

Jargon

 Large amount of money that has been given to a school, hospital, etc., and that 

is used to pay for its creation and continuing support : person's natural ability or 

talent - Endowment

 Large amount of rain that suddenly falls in an area : large amount of things that 

come at the same time - Deluge

 Large amount of something that is released suddenly - Torrent

 Large and beautiful view of an area of land or Vista water

 Large and very unpleasant amount of dirt - Filth

 Large areas of land that have been farmed, too- much with the result that plants 

will not grow there - Badlands

 Large buildings or group of buildings for soldiers to live in - Barracks

 Large ,burial ground, especially Qne not in a churchyard - Cemetery

 Large business that is made of different. kinds of companies - Conglomerate

 Large cages, buildings, or enclosures for keeping birds in - Aviary

 Large group of people or things of a particular kind - Bevy

 Large group of people, especially' an organized group with a particular purpose 

- Battalion

 Large group of people - Throng

 Large notices or signs put up in a public place or carried by people - Placard

 Large number of things that appear or happen in a short period of time - Spate

 Large open-air fire used for burning rubbish or as part of a celebration -

Bonfire

 Large parties or celebrations - Fete

 Large parties or celebrations - Jamboree

 Large tents used for social or commercial functions . covered structures over 

the entrance to a building - Marquee

 Large-calibre guns used in warfare on land - Artillery

 Lasting for a very short time - Evanescent

 Lasting for a very short time - Ephemeral

 Late morning meals eaten instead of breakfast and lunch - Brunch

 Laws or regulations made by a government - Ordinance

 Laws or rules that limit or control something strong criticism - Stricture

 Leaving (property) to a person or other beneficiary by a will - Bequeath

 Legal agreements in which a person borrows money to buy property (such as a 

house) and pays back the money over a period of years - Mortgage

 Legal right to be the only one to reproduce, publish and sell a book, musical 

recording, etc., for a certain period of time - Copyright

 Letter or group of letters that is added at the beginning of a word to change its 

meaning - Prefix

 Level of respect that people have for a succesitful person, organizatum, etc -

Stature

 Light that is placed somewhere to guide vehicies and warn them of danger -

Beacon

 Likely to change in a very sudden or extreme way likely to become dangerous 

or out of control - Volatile

 Likely to have or produce good results Propitious

 Limited to a small number of people - Esoteric

 Lines in a newspaper naming the writer of an article - Byline

 Lines notionally drawn on the earth equidistant from the poles - Equator

 Lines on a weather map that join places that have the same air pressure at a 

particular time - Isobar

 Lines on a weather map that join places that have the same temperature at a 

particular time - Isotherm

 Lines that have a series of short, sharp turns or angles - Zigzag

 Lists of items required, things to be done, or points to be considered, used as a 

reminder - Checklist

 Lists of the books referred to in a scholarly work ,typically printed as an 

appendix - Bibliography

 Lists of the foods that may be ordered at a restaurant - Menu

 Lists of the people or things that belong to a particular group, team, etc. -

Roster

 Lists of the people who work for a company and the amount of money that the 

company has agreed to pay them - Payroll

 Lists that show who must do a certain job - Rota

 Lively or energetic quality - Vitality

 Living in trees - Arboreal

 Long and angry fights or quarrels between two people or two groups - Feud

 Long and angry speechs - Tirade

 Long and complicated series of events - Saga

 Long and determined efforts to achieve something that one believes to be right 

or to stop something that one belives to be wrong - Crusade

 Long journeys to a distant or unknown place especially over water or through 

outer space - voyage

 Long poems that tell the story of a hero's adventures - epic

 Long speeches given by a character in a story, movie, play, etc., or by a 

performer - Monologue

 Long, complicated, and annoying process, descriptions - Rigmarole

 Long, narrow boxes, typically of wood, in which a dead body is buried or 

cremated - COFFIN

 Long, thin sticks used by a magician or during magic tricks - WAND

 Long, usually serious speeches that a character in a play make to an audience 

and that reveal the character's thoughts - SOLILOQUY

 Long-term security yielding a fixed rate of Debenture interest, issued by a 

company and secured against assets - DEBENTURE

 Looking at someone in an evil or unpleasantly Leer sexual way - LEER

 Looking for private information about someone Snoop or something - SNOOP

 Lots of energy and style - Panache

 Loud and confused noises, strongly expressed Clamour protest or demand from 

a large number of people - CLAMOUR

 Loud, confusing mixture of noises that lasts for a Din long time - DIN

 Loving and admiring oneself and especially one's Narcissism appearance too 

much - NARCISSISM

 M

 Made by combining different substances : not natural - Synthetic

 Made or done without preparation - Impromptu

 Made to be useful rather than to be decorative or comfortable - Utilitarian

  Made to look like an exact copy of something in order to trick people -

Counterfeit

 Made up of different things - Sundry

 Made up of many different people or things - Motley

 Made up of parts that are different - Heterogeneous

 Magical liquid that can cure illness or extend life - Elixir

 Main characters in a novel, play, movie, etc. - Protagonist

 Main group of people in a Communistgovernment who make decisions about 

policy - Politburo

 Main or central part of a city or town - Downtown

 Major changes or a period of change that causes a lot of conflict, confusion, 

anger, etc. - Upheaval

 Make (an idea, belief, etc.) known to many people - Promulgate

 Making (someone or something) weaker or less effective usually in a secret or 

gradual way - Undermine

 Making (someone) feel or look young, healthy, or energetic again - Rejuvenate

 Making (someone) want to know more about something - Intrigue

 Making (something) as good or as effective as possible - Optimize

 Men who want to marry a particular woman - Suitor

 Managing or using money in a careful or wise way - Thrifty

 Many changes or problems that happen over time - Vicissitude

 Marks or qualities that shows what something is or what it could be - Earmark

 Marks that are left on one's skin after a wound heals : feeling of great emotional 

pain or sadness that is caused by a bad experience and that lasts for a long time 

- Scar

 Materials made of a network of wire or thread : Mesh complex or constricting 

situation - MESH

 Materials that are flowing out - Efflux

 Meals consisting of several dishes from which guests serve themselves - Buffet

 Meals to which everyone who is invited brings food to share - Pot luck

 Measures designed merely to humour or placate someone - Placebo

 Members of a group of people who move from place to place instead of living 

in one place all the time - Nomad

 Members of some religions (such as Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) who 

deliver messages that are believed to have come from God - Prophet

 Mental illness in which a person becomes very emotional or excited - Mania

 Mental states in which one is confused and not able to think or speak clearly : 

state of wild excitement and great happiness - Delirium

 Metals made by combining two or more metallic elements - Alloy

 Military groups controlling a governMENT AFTER taking control of it by 

force - GIMMICK

 Money given as a reward - BOUNTY

 Money or food given to poor people - Alms

 Money or property that is given to you by somebody when they die - Legacy

 Money that is less than the amount that is needed - Deficit

 Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier - Arrears

 Money that is paid in order to free someone who has been captured or 

kidnapped - Ransom

 Moral fables, especially one with animals as characters - Apologue

 Morally good behavior or character - VIRTUE

 Most important and basic facts or details about something - NittY GittY

 Most important idea orparts of something - Keynote

 Most important parts of something (such as a Most important parts of 

something - Crux

 Most successful or powerfull group of people - Quintessence

 Moving about quickly from side to side or up and down - Jiggle

 Movinig at a speed faster than walking by stepping with each front leg at the 

same time as the opposite back leg - Trot

 Moving or acting quickly to do, find, or get Scramble something often before 

someone else does - scramble

 Moving or acting too slowly - Dawdle

 Move or lift (something) so that it is no longer - Ruffle

 Moving quickly to one side in order to avoid being hit by (someone or 

something) - Dodge

 Moving to a new place - Relocate

 Movements away from a place or situation especially because it is dangerous, 

unpleasant, etc. : place that is quiet and private - Retreat

 Movies about crime that uses dark shadows and lighting to show the 

complicated moral nature of the subject - Noir

 Mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together -

Camaraderie

 Mysteries that can only be resolved by assembling various pieces of 

information - Jigsaw

 N

 Names that are wrong or not proper or appropriate - Misnomer

 Names that someone (such as a writer) uses instead of his or her real name -

Pseudonym

 Narrow passageways between or behind building - Alley

 Natural likings for and understanding of someone or something - Affinity

 New activities, projects, business, etc., that typically involve risk - Venture

 New and experimental ideas and methods in art, music, or literature - Avant-

garde

 Newspapers with small pages (usually half the size of those in larger papers) -

Tabloid

 Newspapers that print a lot of shocking stories about people's private lives 

rather than serious news - Gutter press

 No longer active or effective : close to failure - Moribund

 No longer existing or being used - Defunct

 No longer used because something newer exists - Obsolete

 Noisy and overexcited reactions or responses to something - Brouhaha

 Noisy arguments or disagreements, especially in public - Altercation

 Noisy arguments or fights - Fracas

 Not able or willing to believe something - Incredulous

 Not able to be corrected or changed - Incorrigible

 Not able to be stopped or changed - Inexorable

 Not able to communicate with other people - Incommunicado

 Not acceptable to talk about or do - Taboo

 Not active, not now developing or causing symptoms - Quiescent

 Not as important as something else - Subsidiary

 Not capable of life - Inanimate

 Not clear in meaning : stated in a way that is general and not specific - Vague

 Not completely clear or transparent but clear enough to allow light to pass 

through - Translucent

 Not connected with spiritual or religious matters - Secular

 Not deserving serious attention - Frivolous

 Not doing or involving much physical activities - Sedentary

 Not easily described : having no special or interesting qualities, parts, etc. : 

typical and uninteresting - - Nondescript

 Not easily stopped or pulled apart : very determined to do something -

Tenacious

 Not giving enough thought to other people's feelings or needs - Inconsiderate

 Not having made a will - Intestate

 Not having or showing good judgment - Indiscreet

 Not having or showing good manners, good taste,or politeness - Vulgar

 Not intended or planned - Inadvertent

 Not interesting, funny, etc., because of being used too often - Hackneyed

 Not keeping anything secret or hidden : honest and direct - Upfront

 Not letting light through : not transparent, difficult to understand of explain -

Opaque

 Not liking to work or be active - Indolent

 Not lively or interesting : dull or boring - Vapid

 Not made of physical substances : not able to be touched - Intangible

 Not necessary or appropriate - Unwarranted

 Not producing the desired effect - Inefficacious

 Not showing enough care and attention - Remiss

 Not strong or stable and likely to break - Rickety

 Not very developed or advanced - Rudimentary

 Not very easy to see or notice - Inconspicuous

 Not willing to tell people about things - Reticent

 Not within the range of what someone knows or understands - Ken

 Novels, movies, etc., that are very exciting : a story full of exciting action, 

mystery, adventure, or suspense - Thriller

 Number of people who are killed or injured in an accident, disaster, war - Toll

 O

 Objects (such as a ring or stone) that is believed to have magic powers and to 

cause good things tohappen to the person who has it - Talisman

 Objects or pictures used to suggest a thing that cannot be shown : person or 

thing that represents an idea - Emblem

 Object, pieces of evidence or some informations that help the police solve a 

crime - Clue

 Objects, activities, or ideas that are used as symbols of something else -

Metaphor

 Objects or materials that are collected because they are related to a particular

event, person, etc. : things collected as souvenirs - Memorabilia

 Objects that are used to do a particular activity : objects of a particular kind -

Paraphernalia

 Occurring between members of the same country, group, or organization -

Internecine

 Of, belonging to, or seeming to come from an early time in the very ancient 

past - Primitive

 (Of a person) not identified by name; of unknown name - Anonymous

 Offence of marrying someone while already married to another person -

Bigamy

 Official agreements that are made between two or more countries or groups -

Treaty

 Official announcements about a usually very important piece of news -

Communiqué

 Open opposition toward a person or group in authority - Rebellion

 Open to more than one interpretation : not having one obvious meaning -

Ambiguous

 Operations in which police or other forces surround a building and cut off 

supplies, with the aim of forcing an armed person to surrender - Siege

 Opinions or beliefs of the majority - Vox populi

 Opponents or enemies that are very difficult to defeat - Nemesis

 Opponents that are easy to defeat - Pushover

 Orders that must be followed - Diktat

 Organized search for a person and especially for a criminal - Manhunt

 Original copies of a play, book, piece of music, etc., before those have been 

printed - Manuscript

 Ornaments or small pieces of jewellery thought to give protection against evil, 

danger, or disease - Amulet

 Out of control with anger or excitement; wild or frenzied - Berserk

 Outdoor meals or parties when food is cooked in this way - Barbecue

 Outlines or outer edges of something - Contour

 Outside edges of an area : the area that surrounds a place or thing - Periphery

 P

 Persons who are in charge of or takes care of something - Warden

 Persons who are kept in a prison or mental hospital - Inmate

 Persons who are killed or who suffer greatly for a religion, cause, etc. - Martyr

 Persons who are not loyal to his or her own country, friends, etc. - Traitor

 Persons who are not welcome or wanted in a place - Intruder

 Persons who are running away to avoid being captured - Fugitive

 Persons who are sent by one government to represent it in dealing with another 

government - Envoy

 Persons who are skilled in magic or who has magical powers : a sorcerer or a 

magician, a person who is very good at something - Wizard

 Persons who are unfairly blamed for something that others have done -

Scapegoat

 Persons who are very enthusiastic about something - Fiend

 Persons who are walking in a city, along a road, etc. - Pedestrian

 Persons who know a lot about something (such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an 

expert in a particular subject - Connoisseur

 Persons who lack experience and knowledge - Greenhorn

 Persons who leave onepolitical, religious, etc. group to join another that has 

very different views : someone or something that causes trouble and cannot be 

controlled - Renegade

 Personswho like or admire women. - Philogynist

 Persons who like seeing and talking or writing about something that is 

considered to be private - Voyeur

 Parts of checks, tickets, etc., that can be kept as a record when it is torn off -

Counterfoil

 Parts of cities in which members of a particular group or race live usually in 

poor conditions - Ghetto

 Parts of theatres, concert halls, etc. in which the audiences sit - Auditorium

 Parts of the earth's surface that are directly above the place where an 

earthquake starts - Epicenter

 Parts of your mind that tell you whether your actions are right or wrong -

Conscience

 Parts or elements of something - Facet

 Partial or total loss of memory - Amnesia

 Partial refunds to someone who haspaid too much for tax, rent, or a utility -

Rebate

 Particular subjects or issues that are discussed often or repeatedly - Theme

 Particular types or categories of literature or art - Genre

 Particular ways of thinking : a person's attitude or set of opinions about 

something - Mindset

 Particular ways of walking - Gait

 Passages between rows of seats in a building such as a church or theatre, an 

aircraft, or train - AISLE

 Paying money to get a publication or service regularly - SUBSCRIBE

 People in the future - POSTERITY

 People of high social status - GENTRY

 People who are extremely poor - DESTITUDE

 People who are famous, wealthy, and attractivi - GLITTERATI

 People who can vote in an election - ELECTORATE

 Performances of something - RENDITION

 Periods immediately before an action or event - RUN UP

 Periods of 1,000 years - MILLENNIUM

 Periods of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial 

activities are reduced - RECESSION

 Periods of time during which someone does not work at his or her regular job 

and is able to rest, travel, do research, etc. - SABBATICAL

 Periods of time that are very important in history - EPOCH

 Periods of time when people stay awake, especially at night, in order to watch a 

sick person, say prayers, protest, etc - VIGIL

 Periods of time when something (activities or programs) are stopped -

HIATUS

 Periods when days ending and nights beginning - TWILIGHT

 Periods when many more babies are born than usual - BABY BOOM

 Periods when something do not increase or advance any further - PLATEAU

 PermAnent administrative offices departmeric;, especially governmental ones -

SECRETARIATE

 Persons or things regarded as an exact copy of another - CLONE

 Persons or things that attract a lot of attention or interest - CYNOSURE

 Persons or things that cause a change - CATALYST

 Persons or things that do not go or move as quickly as others - LAGGARD

 Persons or things that are connected with or related to another, often in a way 

that one would not expect - BEDFELLOW

 Persons or things that are extremely important or large in size - COLOSSUS

 Persons or things that are the direct opposite of someone or something else -

ANTHITHESIS

 Persons or things that are the most important part of an organization, a plan, 

etc, because everything else depends on them or it - LINCHPIN

 Persons or things that one particularly dislike - BETE NOIRE

 Persons or things that take the place of someone or something else -

SUBSTITUTE

 Persons or things that take the place or perform the duties of someone or 

something else - SURROGATE

 Persons or things which provide stability or confidence in an otherwise 

uncertain situation - ANCHOR

 Persons that somebody spend a lot of time with - Crony

 Persons who accompany and look after another persons or group of people -

CHAPERONE

 Persons who actively oppose or are hostile to someone or something : an 

adversary - ANTAGONIST

 Persons who actively use the Internet especially in a proper and responsible 

way - NETIZEN

 Q

 Qualities of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, 

standard, etc - constituency

 Qualities of being faithful to one's husband, wife, or sexual partner - fidelity

 Qualities of being honest and fair - integrity

 Qualities of being very similar or equal - symmetry

 Qualities of being very unwilling to spend money - parsimoney

 Qualities that causes people to feel sympathy and sadness - pathos

 Qualities that makes one person or thing different from another - trait

 Quantities of work that should have been done already, but has not yet been 

done - backlog

 Quick looks or glance - dekko

 Quick series of soft, light sounds caused when things (such as leaves or pieces 

ofpaper) rub against each other - rustle

 Quiet and peaceful - tranquil

 Quiet and polite, not showy or flashy - demure

 Quotations from or references to a book, paper, or author, especially in a 

scholarly work - citation

 R

 (Route or journey) longer than the most direct way - Circuitous

 Raised platforms for a speaker, performer, or the leader of an orchestra -

Podium

 Raised platforms in a large room or hall that people stand on when performing 

or speaking to an audience - Dais

 Range or series of related things - Gamut

 Ready and excited to start to do something - Raring

 Reasons or explanations for something - Rationale

 Reasons that you give to hide your real reason for doing something - Pretext

 Records of events year by year - Annals

 Refers to the fact that something has been done or repeated so often that it has 

become annoying or tiresome - Ad nauseam

 Referring to sex in a rude but humorous way - Ribald

 Refusing (something, such as an offer or suggestion) in a rude way - Rebuff

 Refusing to be persuaded or to change one's mind - Adamant

 Regular period of sleep or rest in the afternoon in some hot countries - Siesta

 Regular, repeated patterns of sounds or movements - Rhythm

 Reinforced underground shelters, typically for use in wartime - Bunker

 Returning to an earlier and usually worse state or condition - retograde

 Rich persons who have at least a million dollars, pounds - millioniaries

 Rights or benefit that is given to some people and not to others - priviledge

 Rights or the capacity to bring an action or to appear in a court - local standi

 Rights or privileges - prerogative

 Rights to choose what should be done in a particular situation - discretion

 Rights to vote in an election - suffrage

 Ritual suicides by cutting open one's stomach with a sword - hara - kiri

 Robots with a human appearance - android

 Rooms in a public building where outdoor clothes or luggage may be left -

clockroom

 Rough or noisy - rowdy

 Roughly made model of a person that is made in order to be damaged or 

destroyed as a protest - effigy

 Roughly orquickly thrust (a sharp or pointed object) someone or something -

jab

 Routine tasks, especially a household one - chores

 Rules orprinciples that most people believe to be true - axiom

 Rules that say how people should behave - precept

 Rules about the proper and polite way to communicate with other people when 

one is using the Internet - netiquette

S

 Sad moods or feelings - melancholy

 Said to somebody who is leaving on a journey, to wish them a good journey -

bon vyoage

 Sailors who attacked ships at sea and stole from them : the person who acts in a 

recklessly adventurous and often unscrupulous way, especially in business -

baccaneer

 Saying or writing very harsh and critical things about (someone or something) -

vilify

 Saying that (something) is smaller, less important, etc., than it really is -

understate

 Saying that something you said or wrote is not true or correct - retract

 Saying that you are not responsible for (something) : to deny that you know 

about or are involved in (something) - disavow

 Scenes full of noise and confusion - bedlam

 Searching for something especially by moving and looking through the 

contents of a place - rummage

 Searching through waste, junk, etc., for something that can be saved, used or 

eaten - scavenge

 Seats for passengers on a motorcycle - pillion

 Secret agreements especially in order to do something dishonest or to trick 

people - collusion

 Secret or disguised ways of writing : a code - cipher

 Secretly try to ruin or destroy a government, political system, etc. - subvert

 Sections or tables of subsidiary matter at the end of a book or document -

Appendix

 Seeming like real life because it is very clear, bright, or detailed, very bright in 

color - Vivid

 eeming to be seen everywhere - Ubiquitous

 Selling (a business, property, etc.) especially to pay off debt - Liquidate

 Sending (a person who has been accused of a crime) to another state or country 

for trial - Extradite

 Sending away (some of a company's work) to be done by people outside the 

company - Outsource

 Series of changes - Flux

 Series of three novels, movies, etc., that are closely related and involve the 

same characters or themes - Trilogy

 Sets of clothes that are worn together : group of people working together in the 

same activity - Outfit

 Sets of ideas that somebody believes in and tries to persuade others to accept -

Gospel

 Sets of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty -

Aesthetics

 Sets of tools or supplies that a person uses for a particular purpose or activity -

Kit

 Severe mental orphysical pain or suffering - Anguish

 Severe snowstorms with high winds : large quantity of things that may seem to 

be attacking you - Blizzard

 Sexually attracted to people of the same sex - Homosexual

 Shared by, including or typical of a whole group of things : not specific -

Generic

 Shiny quality of a surface that refleqs light - Luster

 Someone who predicts things that will happen in the future

 Someone who saves something or someone from danger, harm, failure, etc.

 Someone who supports a part icular cause, belief, etc

 Someone who talks about something withgreat enthusiasm

 Someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often 

younger person

 Someone who tends to criticize, reject, or ignore people who come from a 

lower social class and have less education, etc.

 Someone who travels to a holy place

 Someone who tries to get an advantage or something valuable from a situation 

without thinking about what is fair or right

 (Something unwelcome) flourishing or spreading unchecked, unrestrained in 

action or performance

 Something (such as a business) that develops from something larger

 Something (such as a force, campaign, or movement) that is extremely large 

and powerful and cannot be stopped

 Something (such as a greeting) that people say in order to be polite

 Something (such as a situation) that is made up of two opposite things and that 

seems impossible but is actually true or possible

 Something (such as a special ceremony) that is intended to honor an important 

event or person from the past

 T

 Tending to be quiet : not speaking frequently - Taciturn

 That can be done : that will be successful - Viable

 The last of a series - Omega

 The same book or piece of writing as the one that has just been mentioned -

Ibid

 The thing added to something else as a supplementary rather than an essential 

part - Adjunct

 The thing or a person that has no chance of success - Noose

 The thing that existed before or logically precedes another - Antecedent

 The thing that hides or covers somebody/something - Cloak

 The thing that is added or attached to something larger or more important -

Appendage

 The thing that is inappropriate, especially a remark or expression - Infelicity

 The thing that is most important to someone or something - Raison detre

 The time at which something begins - Inception

 The time that something of quality was produced - Vintage

 The traditional knowledge, beliefs, and stories that relate to a particular place, 

subject, or group - Lore

 The treatment to improve the appearance and health of the feet or toenails -

Pedicure

 The trusted follower or supporter who performs unpleasant, wrong, or illegal 

tasks for a powerful person - Henchman

 The two-hundredth anniversary of a significant event - Bicentenary

 Theories or a group of ideas about how something should be done, made, or 

thought about - Paradigm

 U

 Unusual habits or way of behaving, something strange that happens by chance -

Quirk

 Unusual or excessive concern about one's health - Hypochondria

 Unusual ways in which a particular person behaves or thinks - Idiosyncrasy

 Urging or requesting (someone) solemnly or earnestly to do something -

Adjure

 Using (something) in a foolish or wasteful way - Squander

 Use of deception or subterfuge to achieve one's purpose - Chicanery

 Use of machines to do work that was previously done by people - Automation

 Use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to 

be vague or evasive - Circumlocution

 Use of tricks especially to hide, avoid, or get something - Subterfuge

 Use of words that mean the opposite of what one really wants to say especially 

in order to insult someone, to show irritation, or to be funny - Sarcasm

 Use of words to exchange thoughts and ideas - Discourse

 Used in reference to luxurious accommodations - Ritz

 Used to describe something that exists but that is not officially accepted or 

recognized - De facto

 Used to express excitement or joy - Yahoo

 Used to express excitement when a discovery has been made - Eureka

 Used to indicate that a named person is also known or more familiar under 

another specified name - Alias

 Used to refer to a process in which actors are chosen for a film/movie, etc. if 

they have sex with the person in charge of choosing the artnrc - Casting couch

 V

 (Victory) won at too great a cost - Pyrrhic

 Valuable stolen goods, especially those seized in war - Booty

 Various forms in which the atoms of a chemical element can occur - Isotope

 Very angry or violent disagreement between two or more people or groups -

Strife

 Very bad : causing great fear or worry - Dire

 Very bad or frightening experience or situation - Nightmare

 Very big and powerful companies or organizations - Behemoth

 Very careful about behaving properly and doing things in a correct and accurate 

way - Punctilious

 Very careful about doing something in an extremely accurate and exact way -

Meticulous

 Very close to being something without actually being it - Virtual

 Very comfortable and expensive - Opulent

 Very complicated and difficult to understand - Turgid

 Very determined or loyal - Diehard

 Very different, strange, or unusual - Exotic

 Very dirty and unpleasant, immoral or dishonest - Squalid

 Very dirty or untidy state or condition - Mess

 Very eager or curious to hear or see something - Agog

 Very excited or upset - Overwrought

 Very famous or successful person - Luminary

 W

 Ways of life, an attitude, an idea, etc. that has become very popular, system of 

religious beliefs and rituals - Cult

 Ways of protecting oneself against the loss of something - Hedge

 Way that a person thinks about things - Outlook

 Ways that a room or the inside of a building is decorated - Decor

 Ways that prevents other people from finding out who you are - Incognito

 Wealthy persons who give money and time to help make life better for other 

people - Philanthropist

 Well-known phrases that express a general truth about life or a rule about 

behaviour - Maxim

 Wild and drunken celebrations - Bacchanal

 Wild and noisy celebrations - Revelry

 Willing to do dishonest things in return for money - Venal

 Wise, skilled, and respected government leaders - Statesman

 Without a future date being arranged - Sine die

 Women who control a family, group, or government - Matriarch

 Women who have control or power over others - Mistress

 Women who are paid to care for a young child usually in the child's home -

Nanny

 Women who are thought to have magic powers - Witch

 Women who use their sexual charm to make men do what they wants - Vamp

 Women who work in a bar, serving drinks - Bartender

 Women whose job are to be in charge of children or other women - Matron

 Y

 Young children who are just learning to walk – toddler

 Young women who is not married – damsel

 Young Person who are usually talented in some way – prodigy

 Young person who are taught and helped by someone who has a lot of 

knowledge and experience - protege